Neonatal Omphalitis After Lotus Birth

Lotus birth, or umbilical nonseverance, is the practice wherein the umbilical cord is not separated from the placenta after birth, but allowed instead to dry and fall off on its own. Lotus birth may result in neonatal omphalitis. This article describes the history and rationale for lotus birth as well as the etiology, incidence, clinical presentation, and management of neonatal omphalitis. Recommendations for educating families how to perform lotus birth safely are presented. Additionally, signs and symptoms that warrant newborn assessment and treatment are reviewed.     

Empirical antibiotic usage and bacterial superinfections in patients with COVID-19 in Japan: A nationwide survey by the Japanese Respiratory Society

An internet questionnaire survey for investigating empirical antibiotic usage and bacterial superinfections in patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) in Japan was conducted among the chief physicians of respiratory disease departments of 715 Japanese Respiratory Society-certified hospitals using Google Forms between January 28, 2021 and February 28, 2021. Responses to the questionnaire survey were obtained from 198 of 715 hospitals (27.6%). The survey revealed that the complication incidences of community-acquired pneumonia; hospital-acquired pneumonia, including ventilator-associated pneumonia; and sepsis were 2.86, 5.59, and 0.99%, respectively, among patients with moderate/severe and critical COVID-19. Bacterial co-infection and secondary infection rarely affected patients with COVID-19 in Japan, and the isolated pathogens were not specific to these patients. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory effects of macrolides for COVID-19 were not observed in several studies. These results might be useful in clinical practice for COVID-19.     

中药离子导入联合中药外敷治疗小儿大叶性肺炎

目的观察中药离子导入联合中药外敷治疗对小儿大叶性肺炎的临床疗效。方法将60例大叶性肺炎患儿随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组30例,2组均予以西医抗炎对症支持治疗,合并细菌感染者,选用第3代头孢霉素静滴(具体药物及剂量根据血象情况和药敏试验结果而定);合并肺炎支原体感染者,阿奇霉素(希舒美)静滴10 mg/(kg·d),1次/d,连续静滴3 d,停药4 d,再静滴3 d。以及中药外敷治疗,药物由大黄、芒硝、炒芥子、炒桃仁组成。治疗组在对照组治疗的基础上加用中药离子导入治疗,中药离子导入仪由北京华医新技术研究所生产,药饼药物组成为石膏、杏仁、麻黄、甘草、儿茶等。以上2组均以7 d为1个疗程,治疗1个疗程后观察临床疗效,并以啰音消失时间进行临床疗效评价。结果治疗组总有效率96.67%,对照组总有效率80%,2组比较差异有统计学意义(p<0.05);治疗组啰音消失时间(5.17±1.60)d短于对照组啰音消失时间(7.57±1.22)d,2组比较差异有统计学意义(p<0.05)。结论中药离子导入联合中药外敷达到疏通经络,清热宣肺,止咳平喘之功。     

An overview of lefamulin for the treatment of community acquired bacterial pneumonia

ABSTRACT

Introduction

Lefamulin is a novel antibiotic that belongs to the pleuromutilin class with excellent activity against all microorganisms, including atypical pathogens, that cause community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).     

Lung Ultrasound for the Emergency Diagnosis of Pneumonia,Acute Heart Failure,and Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease/Asthma in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background

Lung ultrasound can accelerate the diagnosis of life-threatening diseases in adults with respiratory symptoms.